The fall of the Ottoman Empire and the rise of European colonial powers forever changed the Middle East. The Sykes-Picot Agreement, Balfour Declaration, and broken promises to Arab leaders, such as those made in the Hussein-McMahon Correspondence, set the stage for the instability we see today. British and French mandates imposed artificial borders, feeling Arab nationalism, sectarian violence, and a lasting conflict. Learn how colonial decisions from the early 20th century continue to influence modern Middle Eastern geopolitics.
Colonial Legacies: Understanding the Roots of Middle East Conflict
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An Urgent Review of CHOICE's Methodology and its Consequences for Consumers
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